Correlation between lipid profile & carotid intima media thickness in cerebral ischemia.

Cerebrovascular accident or stroke is defined by an abrupt onset of neurological deficit that is attributable to a focal vascular cause. Stroke is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. This may result from brain infarction or hemorrhage. Carotid atherosclerosis is a reasonable risk factor for cerebral ischemic stroke. Deranged lipid metabolism due to various modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors leads to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. This study is intended to find out any association between altered lipid metabolism (Cholesterol, Triglycerides, LDL : HDL ratio) and development of cerebral ischemia. An observational case control study was conducted with 50 cases of cerebral ischemia and 50 age & sex matched healthy controls within age group 50-70 years. After inclusion of cases and controls and taking informed consent they underwent history taking, proper clinical examination & biochemical investigations (lipid profile). Then data were collected and results were statistically analyzed using Chi-square test & Independent Sample "T-test". The study showed altered lipid profile is associated with cerebral ischemia by increasing carotid intima media thickness (IMT). There was significant (p < 0.001) dyslipidemia (NCEP ATP III guidelines) in cases as compared to controls. Hence early diagnosis and monitoring of dyslipidemia and treatment of the high risk group with anti hyperlipidemic drugs will help to prevent the incidence of cerebral ischemic stroke thereby reducing morbidity and mortality.